What are the different types of gauge pressure transducers?

Pressure sensor components 

Generally, sensor consists of three parts: sensitive element, conversion element and conversion circuit, and sometimes an auxiliary power supply is added.

Sensitive components:

A component that directly feels the measurand and outputs a certain physical quantity that has a definite relationship with the measurand.

Conversion element:

The core element of the sensor takes the output of the sensitive element as the input, and converts the sensed non-electricity into electrical signal output. The conversion element itself can be used as a stand-alone sensor, called an element sensor.

Conversion circuit:

The related circuit involved in converting the electrical signal output by the sensor element into a useful electrical signal for processing, control, recording and display.

Common sensors

There are many types of sensors on the market today, including temperature sensors, humidity sensors, gas sensors, etc.

The temperature sensor chip series is a highly integrated digital-analog mixed-signal intelligent sensor chip. The temperature sensing principle is based on the characteristic relationship between the temperature of the semiconductor PN junction and the bandgap voltage. After small signal amplification, analog-to-digital conversion, digital calibration compensation, output Digital temperature has the advantages of high accuracy, good consistency, long life, low power consumption, and flexible programmable configuration.

Each chip has a unique 64-bit ID serial number, and the calibration coefficient is fitted according to the temperature error characteristics before leaving the factory, and the compensation calculation is automatically performed inside the chip. In order to simplify the system application, the chip's ID search, temperature measurement data memory access, and function configuration are all based on digital single-bus protocol instructions, and the host computer microprocessor only needs one GPIO port for read and write access. 

The single-bus communication interface realizes a low-cost solution for multi-node sensor acquisition and networking by sharing a data bus. The transmission distance is long and the number of supported nodes is large, which is convenient for spatially distributed sensor networking. The chip has a built-in non-volatile EEPROM storage unit, which is used to save the chip ID number, high and low temperature alarm thresholds, temperature calibration correction values, and user-defined information, such as sensor node number, location information, etc.

What types of sensors are there?

Sensors can be divided into these categories according to categories: resistive sensors, inductive sensors, capacitive sensors, piezoelectric sensors, magnetoelectric sensors, pyroelectric sensors, photoelectric sensors, digital sensors, fiber optic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, thermal sensors, analog sensors, etc. The classification of sensors is introduced in detail below:

Classification of sensors

1. By use

Pressure-sensitive and force-sensitive sensors, position sensors, liquid level sensors, energy consumption sensors, speed sensors, acceleration sensors, ray radiation sensors, thermal sensors.

2. According to the principle

Vibration sensor, humidity sensor, magnetic sensor, gas sensor, vacuum sensor, biosensor, etc.

3. Press the output signal

Analog sensor: Convert the measured non-electrical quantity into an analog electrical signal.

Digital sensor: Convert the measured non-electrical quantity into a digital output signal (including direct and indirect conversion).

Imitation digital sensor: convert the measured signal quantity into frequency signal or short-period signal output (including direct or indirect conversion).

Switch sensor: When a measured signal reaches a certain threshold, the sensor outputs a set low-level or high-level signal accordingly.

Type of temperature sensor transmitter

According to the measurement method, temperature sensors can be divided into two categories: contact type and non-contact type. According to the characteristics of sensor materials and electronic components, they can be divided into two categories: thermal resistance and thermocouple. A temperature sensor is a sensor that senses temperature and converts it into a usable output signal. The temperature sensor is the core part of the temperature measuring instrument.

The detection part of the contact temperature sensor has good contact with the measured object, also known as a thermometer. The thermometer achieves thermal equilibrium through conduction or convection, so that the indication value of the thermometer can directly represent the temperature of the measured object. Generally, the measurement accuracy is high. In a certain temperature measurement range, the thermometer can also measure the temperature distribution inside the object.

The sensitive element of the non-contact temperature sensor is not in contact with the measured object, also known as a non-contact temperature measuring instrument. This instrument can be used to measure the surface temperature of moving objects, small targets and objects with small heat capacity or rapid temperature changes (transient), and can also be used to measure the temperature distribution of temperature fields.

The five most common types of temperature sensors include:

1. Thermistor

2. Thermocouple

3. RTD (resistance temperature detector)

4. Digital thermometer IC

5. Analog thermometer IC

Fuel pressure sensor overview

Pressure Transducer is a device that can sense the pressure signal and convert the pressure signal into a usable output electrical signal according to certain rules. Pressure sensors are usually composed of pressure sensitive elements and signal processing units. According to different test pressure types, pressure sensors can be divided into gauge pressure sensors, differential pressure sensors and absolute pressure sensors

Pressure transducers types

There are mainly strain pressure sensors, ceramic pressure sensors, diffused silicon pressure sensors, sapphire pressure sensors, piezoelectric pressure sensors, etc.

How does the differential pressure sensor work?

The principle of strain gauge pressure sensor

The core part of the resistance strain gauge pressure sensor is the resistance strain gauge. When the wire is subjected to external force, its length and cross-sectional area will change. It can be easily seen from the above formula that its resistance value will change. When the wire is compressed by external force, the length decreases and the cross-section increases, and the resistance value decreases.

The principle of ceramic pressure sensor

The corrosion-resistant ceramic pressure sensor has no liquid transmission. The pressure acts directly on the front surface of the ceramic diaphragm, causing the diaphragm to deform slightly. The thick film resistor is printed on the back of the ceramic diaphragm and connected to form a Wheatstone bridge. The piezoresistive effect of the varistor makes the bridge generate a highly linear voltage signal proportional to the pressure and also proportional to the excitation voltage.

Principle of diffusion silicon pressure sensor

The pressure of the medium acts directly on the diaphragm of the sensor, causing the diaphragm to produce a micro-displacement proportional to the pressure of the medium, so that the resistance value of the sensor changes, and the electronic circuit is used to detect this change, and convert and output a corresponding to this change. Standard measurement signal for pressure.

The principle of sapphire pressure sensor

Using the working principle of strain resistance, under the action of pressure, the titanium alloy receiving diaphragm is deformed. After the deformation is sensed by the silicon-sapphire sensitive element, the output of the bridge will change, and the magnitude of the change is proportional to the measured pressure.

The principle of piezoelectric pressure sensor

When the inner side of the thin cylinder is subjected to pressure, the internal tension of the cylinder increases, so that its natural vibration frequency increases. The measurement accuracy of the natural vibration frequency of the cylinder is determined by the resonance quality factor Q of the cylinder, the signal processing circuit and the accuracy of the clock signal.